In this grammar course, I’ll be teaching the future tense.
I’ll talk about the future simple, future continuous, future perfect,
and future perfect continuous tenses. There’s a lot of important information.
In this video, I will introduce the future simple tense
using 'will' and 'be going to'.
This is a very important tense that will help you express future actions and plans.
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
The future simple tense can be used to express a future action.
Let's take a look at some examples.
We start with the subject ‘will’.
In this example, I'm making a sudden decision because how I feel right now.
I will close the window because I'm cold right now.
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
Again, you start with the subject and then ‘will’.
After that, you have the base verb.
You can use the ‘be’ verb to talk about a confirmed plan.
‘I will be at the library tomorrow.’
The economy will get better next year.
In this case, the subject is ‘the economy’.
Again, we follow with ‘will’ and the base verb ‘get’.
‘The economy will get better next year.’
I'm making a prediction here about something that will happen in the future.
And finally, ‘I will help you with your homework.’
I'm making a future plan to help you.
‘I will help you with your homework.’
It doesn't say when but I am talking about the future.
You can also use ‘be going to’ to express a future action.
It's almost the same as ‘will’.
So what you see here is the subject and then the ‘be’ verb - ‘am’.
‘I am’
And then here we used a contraction ‘I'm’.
I made a decision to buy some because there's no milk.
The next sentence says, ‘It looks like it's going to snow tomorrow.’
Here the subject is ‘it’ and so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
‘It's’ is the contraction.
‘It's going to’ And then we use the base verb ‘snow’.
The word ‘tomorrow’ shows that this is a future action.
‘He's going to take a trip in the summer.’
Because the subject is ‘he’, we use the ‘be’ verb – is.
And we can use the contraction ‘he's’. ‘he is’ or ‘he's’ going to
Again an action happening in the future.
Now, let's take a look at the negative form of
The first example says, ‘Stan will not like his English score.’
No matter what the subject is, we follow with ‘will not’ and then the
‘Stan will not like his English score.’
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
In this case, the subject is ‘we’.
And we follow with the contraction ‘won't’.
It sounds really different and it's different from other contractions,
but ‘won't’ is the contraction for ‘will not’
so you can say ‘we will not’ or ‘we won't’.
‘We won't give you money anymore.’
Again, you notice the base verb ‘give’ after ‘not’.
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
This sentence uses ‘be going to’.
And therefore the ‘be’ verb we use is – ‘is’
However we put a ‘not’ after the ‘be’ verb.
‘He is not going to …’ And then the base verb.
‘He is not going to fly until next week.’
The last sentence says, ‘You are not going to go to the party tonight.’
The subject is ‘you’ and so we use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
‘You are not going to go …’ That's the base verb.
Now let's take a look at how to form basic questions in the future simple tense.
The first sentence says, ‘He will play with us.’
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is change the order of the
So ‘He will becomes ‘Will he’.
‘The next sentence says, ‘He is going to play with us.’
And so the ‘be’ verb to use is – ‘is’.
Then we have ‘going to’ and then the base verb.
‘He is going to play with us.’
When I make a question, I simply again change the order of the first two words.
‘Is he going to play with us?’
Now if the subject were to be ‘you’ or ‘we’ or ‘they’,
And so the question would say, ‘Are they'.
'Are they going to play with them?’
So again, remember, for ‘will’ in the future simple tense,
just say ‘will’ subject and then the base form of the verb.
However for ‘be going to’ questions, make sure that you pay attention to the proper
'be' verb to use at the beginning of the question.
To answer the first question, ‘Will he play with us?’
You can say ‘Yes, he will’ or ‘No, he won't’.
‘Is he going to play with us?’
You can say, ‘Yes, he's going to’ or ‘No, he isn't going to’.
Let's look at how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future simple tense.
If you notice each question begins with a ‘WH’ word.
The first two sentences use ‘will’ for the future simple tense.
To answer I can say, ‘My team will win the game.’
‘They will arrive in two hours.’
Now these two sentences have ‘be going to’.
In this case, I have the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’ because the subject is ‘he’.
I can say, ‘He is going to study at the library.’
And finally, ‘What are you going to do?’
In this case, I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’ because the subject is ‘you’.
‘I am going to take a shower.’
For this checkup let's take a look at the will usage for the future simple tense.
The first example says, ‘Jen and Paul [blank] home soon’
Remember, when using ‘will’ for the future simple tense,
it doesn't matter what the subject is.
We say ‘will’ and then the base verb.
So here we can say, ‘Jen and Paul’ or ‘They will go home soon’.
‘I [blank] a scientist after I graduate.’
Try filling in the blank with ‘be’.
Again, we simply say ‘will be’.
‘I will be a scientist after I graduate.’
Now try this one, ‘We [blank] that because it smells bad.’
I want you to use the negative form with the verb ‘eat’.
Here we say, ‘will not eat’ or remember we can use the contraction ‘won't’.
‘We will not eat that’ or ‘We won't eat that because it smells bad’.
Now look for the mistake in this sentence.
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
Remember, we need the base form of the verb.
‘I will eat a pizza for lunch.’
‘Angie and I will playing a game.’
Again we need the base form of the verb.
Angie and I will play a game.’
And finally, ‘Will she be cook dinner?’
However we need to say, ‘Will she cook dinner.’
We do not need a ‘be’ verb here.
Let's practice the ‘be going to’ usage of the future simple tense.
‘We [blank] going to _blank_ soccer.’
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
Remember, for ‘be going to’ in the future simple tense,
we start with the subject and then the ‘be’ verb.
So we need the ‘be’ verb – ‘are’.
‘We are going to’ and then the base verb ‘watch’.
‘We are going to watch soccer.’
And I want you to use the negative form.
In this case, the subject is ‘I’.
And so I use the ‘be’ verb – ‘am’.
‘I am’ and then we need ‘not’.
‘Why [blank] you going to [blank]?’
In a question, especially a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word,
‘are’ is the correct ‘be’ verb because the subject is ‘you’.
And again, the base form of the verb.
Now try to find the mistake in the next sentence.
‘You are going to studying at home.’
‘You are going to’ that's correct.
But we need the base form of the verb.
‘You are going to study at home.’
‘You will be going to learn English.’
Remember, we don't need the ‘will’ here.
We're using ‘be going to’ and we need to change the ‘be’ verb to match the subject.
‘You are going to learn English’.
Or remember, you can also say, ‘You will learn English.
and finally ‘Is he going to do play soccer.’
‘Is he going to’ - that's correct.
We don't need both, so we say, ‘Is he going to play soccer?’
You now have a better understanding of the future simple tense.
There's still a lot of practice you need to do because this tense is so important.
Keep studying and I'll see you in the next video.
In this video, I will introduce the future continuous English grammar tense.
This tense can be used to express an ongoing action in the future.
I'll go over the basics of this lesson.
And by the end you'll have a better idea of when to use this tense.
There's a lot to learn, so let's get started.
One usage of the future continuous tense
is to talk about an ongoing action that will happen in the future.
We include when this action will be happening.
We can use ‘will be’ or ‘be going to be’.
To do this, let's take a look at some examples.
‘I will be taking the test soon.’
So you can see here we have the subject and then ‘will be’.
After that, we include verb +ing.
The word ‘soon’ at the end of this sentence indicates when this action will be happening.
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
This sentence means the same thing as the first sentence,
but instead of ‘will be’, we used ‘be going to be’.
And therefore we have the ‘be’ verb ‘am’.
‘I am going to be’ And then verb +ing.
‘I am going to be taking the test soon.’
I can also use the contraction and say.
‘I'm going to be taking the test soon.’
The next sentence says, ‘He will be sleeping by 10 p.m.’
And the last sentence says, ‘They are going to be …’
Here, because the subject is ‘they’, we use ‘are’.
‘They are going to be studying …’ There's the verb +ing
‘by 10 pm’ and ‘next October’ show when these actions will be happening.
The future continuous tense is also used to show
that a short action in the future is happening
during or while a longer action is in progress in the future,.
We can use the word ‘when’ to show when the shorter action occurs.
Take a look at the first example,
‘I will be sleeping when they arrive.’
‘I will be sleeping’ and ‘they arrive’.
The part of the sentence that's in the future continuous tense is the longer action
that's in progress in the future.
Remember, ‘I will be’ and then verb +ing.
This is the action that is ongoing in the future.
Then we see ‘when they arrive’.
This is the shorter action that happens while this action is ongoing.
‘We will be having dinner when the movie starts.’
This is very similar to the first sentence.
That's the ongoing action that will happen in the future.
And while this is happening, the movie will start.
But again, we use the present tense here.
So we will be having dinner when the movie starts.
‘Tina is going to be working when you leave.’
Remember, we can use ‘be going to be’ in this tense so,
‘She is going to be working when you leave.’
This shorter action will happen while this ongoing action is in progress.
And finally, ‘It will be raining when you go shopping’.
Again, this is the ongoing action.
And this is the shorter action.
Now, I'll talk about the negative form of the future continuous tense.
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
For the negative form, after the subject and ‘will’, we say ‘not be’.
‘He will not be reading before bed.’
He'll be doing something else.
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
So this is very similar to the first sentence.
We have the subject, ‘my dad,’
and instead of ‘will not’ we use the contraction ‘won't’.
Remember, ‘won't’ is a contraction for ‘will not’.
‘My dad won't …’ and then we have ‘be’ verb +ing.
‘My dad won't be cheering when the game ends.’
The next sentence says, ‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
Here we have the ‘be going to be’.
So ‘he’ is the subject and so we use the ‘be’ verb ‘is’.
After the ‘be’ verb, we say ‘not’.
He is not going to ‘be’ verb +ing.
‘He is not going to be working tomorrow.’
Remember, we can also use a contraction here and say,
‘He isn't going to be working tomorrow.’
‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
And so the ‘be’ verb to use is ‘are’.
I use the contraction here ‘aren't’ for ‘are not’.
‘We are not …’ or ‘We aren't going to be shopping on Sunday.’
Now let's talk about how to form basic questions in the future continuous tense.
Take a look at this first sentence.
It says, ‘He will be traveling next month.’
Now, to turn this into a question,
all you have to do is change the order of the first two words.
So ‘He will’ becomes ‘Will he’.
‘Will he be traveling next month?’
You'll notice that the rest of the words don't change.
So, ‘Will he be traveling next month?’
To answer you can say, ‘Yes, he will.’
The next sentence says, ‘They are going to be living there.’
Again to turn this into a question, simply switch the order of the first two words.
‘They are’ becomes ‘Are they’.
‘Are they going to be living there?’
To reply you can say, ‘Yes, they are.’
Now, you'll notice in these two sentences,
there is no exact point in time that shows when this action will be happening in the
There is no ‘next month’ or anything like that.
In that case, it simply means sometime in the future.
So, they are going to be living there sometime in the future.
Now, I'll go into how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future continuous tense.
First, you'll notice that all of these questions begin with the ‘Wh’ words -
‘Where,’ ‘What,’ ‘Who,’ and ‘When’.
Let's take a look at the first question.
When we use ‘will be’, we start with ‘Where’ and then ‘will’.
After that, we have the subject + be and then verb +ing.
‘He will’ or ‘He'll be working at the factory.’
The next question says, ‘What will she be watching?’
This is very similar to the first question.
The only difference is that the subject is now ‘she’ and the verb is different.
I can say, ‘She'll be watching’ or ‘She will be watching her favorite tv show’.
‘Who will they be talking to?’
‘They will be talking to their mom.’
The last question has ‘be going to be’.
‘When are we …’ here the subject is ’we’.
So we start with the ‘be verb’ – ‘are’.
‘When are we going to be meeting Casey?’
‘We are going to be meeting Casey later tonight.’
Let's start a checkup for the future continuous tense.
Take a look at the first sentence.
It says, ‘They _blank_ at school tomorrow.’
I want you to use ‘will' and then the verb ‘study’, for this tense.
Remember, in the future continuous tense,
no matter what the subject, we say ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
So the correct answer for this sentence is ‘they will be studying’
‘They will be studying at school tomorrow.’
‘Jesse _blank_ a TV show later.’
Here, instead of ‘will’ try to use ‘be going to be’.
‘Jesse _blank_ watch a TV show later.’
I want you to use the verb ‘watch’.
So, Jessie is a ‘he’ or it can be a ‘she’.
Sometimes the name is used for a boy or a girl.
Either way I need to use the ‘be’ verb – ‘is’.
‘Jesse is going to be watching a TV show later.’
The next sentence, I want you to find the mistake.
‘We willn’t be studying at the library today.’
What's the contraction for ‘will not’?
Well it definitely isn't ‘willn’t’.
The contraction is ‘won't’.
‘We won't be studying at the library today.’
And finally, ‘Sally and I will be meet our friends soon.’
Remember, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing.
‘Sally and I will be meeting our friends soon.’
Now, let's move on to the next checkup of the future continuous tense.
Take a look at the first sentence.
It says, ‘He _blank_ at the door when the movie ends.’
I want you to use ‘will’ and the verb ‘wait’.
Remember, for this tense, we need ‘will be’ and then verb +ing,
‘He will be waiting at the door when the movie ends.’
The next sentence says, ‘We are not …’ so this is a negative,
‘_blank_ the play when he performs’.
Here, instead of ‘will’, I want you to use ‘be going to be’ and the verb ‘see’.
We already have part of that phrase for you.
‘We are …’, here's the ‘be’ verb, ‘not’
‘We are not going to be seeing the play when he performs.’
Now find the mistake in this sentence.
‘They won't be stay at home when the delivery man visits.’
That's correct in the negative form.
‘They won't be staying at home when the delivery man visits.’
And finally, ‘Terry is going to working when the manager arrives’.
‘Terry’ is a ‘he’ or ‘she’ so ‘is’ is the correct ‘be’ verb to use.
‘going to’ that's also correct.
What we're missing here is ‘be’.
‘Terry is going to be working when the manager arrives.’
Now, you have a better understanding of the future continuous tense.
Please take some time to study and practice this tense as it is very important.
I know English can be a struggle, but don't worry, I'm here for you.
I'll see you in the next video.
I’m Esther.
In this video, I will introduce the future perfect tense.
This tense is used to express an action in the future
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
This tense can be a little difficult to understand but don't worry I will guide you through it
The future perfect tense is used to express an action in the future
that will happen by a specific time in the future.
‘The snow will have stopped by April.’
In this case, ‘The snow’.
Then, we follow with ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
In this case, we used ‘stopped’ for the verb ‘stop’.
At the end of the sentence, you'll notice ‘by April’.
‘by April’ shows the specific time in the future when this action will have happened.
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
‘By the time he graduates’ or the specific time in the future.
comes at the beginning of the sentence
so ‘by’ plus ‘a time in the future’
can come at the end or it can come at the beginning.
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed…’
Again, you see ‘subject + will + have’ and the past participle of the verb.
‘By the time he graduates, he will have completed five years of study.’
‘Her arm will have fully healed by the summer.’
In this example, ‘by the summer’, the future specific time, comes at the end.
By this time in the future, her ‘arm’, that's the subject, will have ‘healed’,
Here I put ‘fully’ just to show how much it will have healed.
I’m just adding an extra description.
‘By next month, …’ so here we see ‘by’ and ‘the time’ at the beginning of the
‘will have received’, there's the past participle.
Again, ‘By next month you will have received your promotion.’
Now, let's talk about the negative form of the future perfect tense.
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
First, I want to point out that at the end, I have the specific time in the future,
‘byJuly’.
Now for the negative form, what I do is say, ‘subject’ and ‘will not have’,
then we put the past participle of the verb.
‘I will not have graduated from university by July.’
‘Ollie and Max will not have spoken ...’
There it is again, ‘will not have’ and then the past participle of speak ...
Here, instead of the word ‘by’, we used ‘before’ to show a specific time in the
‘You will not have eaten dinner by 6 p.m.’
Here, again, we've used ‘by 6 p.m.’ to show a time in the future.
And again, you see ‘you will not have’ and then the past participle of eat which
The last sentence says, ‘By noon …’, there's the time again,
‘I will not have taken off to Japan.’
‘taken’ is the past participle of ‘take’.
Now, let's move on to how to form questions in the future perfect tense.
‘You will have gone to work by 10 a.m.’
To turn this into a question, all we have to
do is switch the order of the first two words.
‘You will’ becomes ‘Will you’.
You'll notice that the rest of the question stays the same as the sentence.
‘Will you have gone to work by 10 a.m.?’
You can answer by saying, ‘Yes, I will have.’
The next sentence says, ‘She will have woken up by noon.’
Again, to turn this into a question just switch the first two words.
‘She will’ becomes ‘Will she’.
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
‘Will she have woken up by noon?’
To reply, you can say, ‘Yes, she will have.’
Now, I'll talk about how to form ‘WH’ questions in the future perfect tense.
If you notice on the board, each of these questions begins with the ‘WH’ word.
‘Where’, ‘what’, ‘who’, and ‘when’.
Then after each ‘WH’ word comes the word ‘will’.
So let's take a look at the first question.
‘Where will’…’ then you add ‘the subject’.
In this case, ‘you’.
And then, ‘have’ and after that the past participle of the verb.
In this case, it's ‘traveled’.
‘Where will you have traveled by December?’
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have traveled to Germany and Denmark.’
There are many possible answers here and this is just an example.
The next question says, ‘What will they have done …’
‘done’ is the past participle of ‘do’.
‘… by the end of the evening?’
I can answer by saying, ‘They will have done their homework.’
The next question says, ‘Who will she have interviewed by 5 p.m.?’
Again, ‘who will’ + the subject ‘have’ and the past participle of the verb.
I can answer this question by saying,
‘She will have interviewed the teachers by 5 p.m.’
And finally, ‘When will they have started to learn?’
One way to answer this question is to say,
‘They will have started to learn in January.’
Let's start this checkup for the future perfect tense.
Take a look at the first sentence.
It says, ‘We _blank_ that book by tomorrow.’
Remember, in the future perfect tense, we start with the subject,
Then say, ‘will have’ and the past participle of the verb.
So here we need to say ‘will have’.
What is the past participle of ‘read’?
They're spelled the same, but they are pronounced differently.
‘We will have read that book by tomorrow.’
The next sentence says, ‘She _blank_ the video by bedtime.’
Here we have ‘not’ so I want you to try the negative form.
And the verb to try is ‘watch’.
In the negative form, we start with the subject.
And instead of ‘will have’, we say ‘will not have’.
‘She will not have …’ Then we need the past participle of the verb.
In this case, it is ‘watched’.
‘She will not have watched the video by bedtime.’
Now find the mistake in the next sentence.
‘Ryan will not have be to Cuba by summer.’
This is the negative form because we have ‘will not have’.
But we need the past participle of ‘be’.
So we need to change it to ‘been’.
‘Ryan will not have been to Cuba by summer.’
The last sentence says, ‘I will have go to school by 8 30 a.m.’
Here, we have the affirmative, ‘will have’.
But, uh oh, we forgot the past participle of ‘go’ which is ‘gone’.
‘I will have gone to school by 8 30 a.m.’
Now you have a better understanding of the future perfect tense.
I want you to keep studying and practicing this tense.
I know studying English can be difficult, but I believe in you
and I will guide you through it.
I'll see you in the next video. Hi, everybody.
I’m Esther.
If you haven't checked out my earlier videos on the tenses,
In this video, I will talk about the future perfect continuous tense.
This tense can be used to describe an ongoing action
or situation that will last for a specified period of time in the future.
There's a lot to learn, so keep watching.
The future perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an ongoing situation
that will be in progress for a period of time at a specific point in time in the future.
Let's take a look at some examples.
‘She will have been living in Ireland for 10 years at that point.’
So no matter what the subject, in this case we have ‘she’,
we follow with ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
So, ‘She will have been living in Ireland …’
Then this sentence has the duration.
What period of time will this last? ‘for 10 years’
Remember, we need a point in time in the future.
In this case, we just use a general expression, ‘at that point’.
Here, it's not specific and that's okay.
We'll see some specific examples in the next sentence.
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
Here, the specific time in the future comes at the beginning of the sentence.
‘By midnight’ And, again, we see ‘will have been’ +
‘By midnight, he will have been sleeping for four hours.’.
Here we have ‘for four hours’.
This shows the duration or how long this action will be in progress.
So, again, ‘By midnight he will have been sleeping for four hours.’
The last sentence says, ‘In June …’
Here, again, we have the specific time in the future at the beginning of the sentence.
‘In June, ‘we’ that's the subject.
‘we'll have been studying …’ There's the ‘verb +ing’.
‘… at this university for four years.’
Here is the duration, ‘for four years’.
Now, let's look at the negative form of the future perfect continuous tense.
In the affirmative form, we say ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
In the negative form, however, we say, ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’
Let's take a look at some examples.
‘At that point, I will not have been living in Spain for 10 years.’
‘… will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
In this case, ‘living’.
‘He will not have been sleeping for four hours by midnight.’
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’,
‘sleeping’.
‘By then, we will not have been studying at this university for three years.’
Again, we see the ‘subject’ + ‘we will not have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’
Now let's take a look at how to form questions in the future perfect continuous tense.
‘Sean will have been playing soccer for a year by December.’
To turn this into a question, all we have to do is switch the order of the first two
So instead of ‘Sean will’, I can say ‘Will Sean’.
‘Will Sean have been playing soccer for a year by December?’
You'll notice that the rest of the sentence stays the same.
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, he will have.’
‘They will have been working there for three months by that time.’
Again, I changed the order of the first two words.
To turn this into a question ‘They will’ becomes ‘Will they’.
‘Will they have been working there for three months by that time?’
Again, the rest of the sentence stays the same.
I can answer by saying, ‘Yes, they will have.’
Now let's take a look at how to form ‘WH” questions in the future perfect continuous
All of these questions begin with a ‘WH’ word.
Take a look at the first question.
‘Where will you have been walking?’
To form a ‘WH’ question, we start with the ‘WH’ word, then ‘will’.
After that, we add the subject, ‘you’, ‘they’, ‘she’ and ‘you’.
After that, we add ‘have been’ + ‘verb +ing’.
‘Where will you have been walking?’
‘What will they have been playing?’
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
and ‘How long will you have been working …?’
‘ … there by the time you finish?’
So let's go through one more time and I'll show you how to answer these questions.
‘Where will you have been walking?’
I can answer by saying, ‘I will have been walking in the park.’
‘What will they have been playing?’
‘They will have been playing video games.’
‘Who will she have been talking to?’
‘She will have been talking to her cousin.’
‘How long will you have been working there by the time you finish?’
‘By the time I finish, I will have been working there for five years.’
Let's start a checkup for the future perfect continuous tense.
‘By 10 p.m., I _blank_ that game for three hours.’
I’m looking to use the verb ‘play’.
Remember, in this tense, we need to have ‘subject’ + ‘will have been’ and then ‘verb +ing’.
So ‘By 10 p.m., I will have been playing …’
‘… I will have been playing that game for three hours.
‘When she gets here, he _blank_ dinner for an hour.’
Again, no matter what the subject, it doesn't change.
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking …’
‘When she gets here, he will have been cooking dinner for an hour.’
Now, find the mistake in the next sentence.
‘Steve and Jan will not have be waiting for a year when it arrives.’
Here, we have a negative form, ‘they will not have’.
And then the ‘verb +ing’ is here so that's correct.
‘Steve and Jan will not have been waiting for a year when it arrives.’
‘It will have been work for 10 years on January 15th.’
So maybe here I’m talking about a computer or a TV.
‘It will have been working for 10 years on January 15th.
Thank you so much for watching this grammar course on the future tense.
If you haven’t watched the grammar course for the past or present tense,